AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Crossing over is the reciprocal exchange of segments between non-sister chromatids of a pair of homologous chromosomes . It results in recombination of genes or the linked alleles.

Detailed explanation-2: -During the alignment, the arms of the chromosomes can overlap and temporarily fuse, causing a crossover. Crossovers result in recombination and the exchange of genetic material between the maternal and paternal chromosomes. As a result, offspring can have different combinations of genes than their parents.

Detailed explanation-3: -The chromosomes cross over at points called chiasma. At each chiasma, the chromosomes break and rejoin, trading some of their genes. This recombination results in genetic variation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Crossing over is the exchange of genes between two chromosomes, resulting in non-identical chromatids that comprise the genetic material of gametes (sperm and eggs). This process results in the millions of sperm or eggs that are produced by an organism, each being different from one another.

Detailed explanation-5: -Crossing over can put new alleles together in combination on the same chromosome, causing them to go into the same gamete. When genes are far apart, crossing over happens often enough that all types of gametes are produced with 25% frequency.