AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Recessive alleles are denoted by a lowercase letter (a versus A). Only individuals with an aa genotype will express a recessive trait; therefore, offspring must receive one recessive allele from each parent to exhibit a recessive trait.

Detailed explanation-2: -Dominant alleles are represented by capital letters and recessive alleles are represented by lowercase letters. For example, blue eyes are a recessive trait and brown eyes are a dominant trait.

Detailed explanation-3: -A capital letter represents the dominant form of a gene (allele), and a lowercase letter is the abbreviation for the recessive form of the gene (allele).

Detailed explanation-4: -Genes can come in 2 different forms called alleles. We represent alleles with both lowercase and uppercase letters. Uppercase and lowercase letters are used to show which alleles are dominant and which are recessive. A dominant (uppercase letter) allele will overpower a recessive allele (lowercase letter).

Detailed explanation-5: -Dominant character is represented by a capital letter and recessive by small letter.