AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -When a tall and short plant are crossed, all of the offspring are tall. If the offspring self-fertilize, they produce tall and short plants in a ratio of 3:1 in the next generation. Mendel’s actual counts were 787 tall:277 short plants in this generation (2.84:1 ratio).

Detailed explanation-2: -Because dominant genes express themselves and suppress the effect of recessive genes. So no medium sized plants were obtained.

Detailed explanation-3: -For monohybrid cross, Mendel began with a pair of pea plants with two contrasting traits i.e., one tall and another dwarf. The cross-pollination of tall and dwarf plants resulted in tall plants. All the hybrid plants were tall.

Detailed explanation-4: -The 4 non-Mendelian inheritance examples include multiple allele traits, co-dominance, polygenic traits, sex-linked inheritance, and incomplete dominance.

Detailed explanation-5: -The disease ‘Phenylketonuria’ is an example. It originates from the defect of a single gene on chromosome 12; however, it has an impact on multiple systems like the integumentary system of the skin and nervous system. Albinism is another example of one gene affecting the skin, eyes and hair colours.