AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The given statement is true. Chromosomes exist in pairs called homologous chromosomes. Each cell in the normal human body has 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs, which is why they are called diploids. An average human body has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y).

Detailed explanation-2: -The pairs of autosomes are called “homologous chromosomes.” Homologous chromosomes have all of the same genes arranged in the same order, but there are small differences in the DNA letters of the genes.

Detailed explanation-3: -The 46 chromosomes of a human cell are organized into 23 pairs, and the two members of each pair are said to be homologues of one another (with the slight exception of the X and Y chromosomes; see below). Human sperm and eggs, which have only one homologous chromosome from each pair, are said to be haploid (1n).

Detailed explanation-4: -The chromosomes in a homologous pair each have the same genes in the same order, but there may be variation between them, resulting in different alleles. Some of the variants in these alleles might have functional implications while others will not.

Detailed explanation-5: -Allosomes are the 23rd pair of chromosomes, which have two X chromosomes in most females and one X chromosome and one Y chromosome in most males. Females have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes but males have 22 pairs homologous chromosomes.