AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -While each homologous chromosome carries the same genes, they can carry different versions of the gene. Different versions of a gene are called alleles. This means that your cells will typically produce 2 versions of every protein encoded by the DNA.

Detailed explanation-2: -The chromosomes in a homologous pair each have the same genes in the same order, but there may be variation between them, resulting in different alleles. Some of the variants in these alleles might have functional implications while others will not.

Detailed explanation-3: -Heterozygous for a gene refers to when a homologous set of chromosomes has different alleles of the same gene.

Detailed explanation-4: -Different versions of the same gene are called alleles (uh-LEELZ); homologous chromosomes often contain different alleles. Alleles are important because they account for the differences in inherited characteristics from one individual to another.

Detailed explanation-5: -The two chromosomes in a homologous pair are very similar to one another and have the same size and shape. Most importantly, they carry the same type of genetic information: that is, they have the same genes in the same locations. However, they don’t necessarily have the same versions of genes.