AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Some of the most important consequences of polyploidy for plant breeding are the increment in plant organs ("gigas” effect), buffering of deleterious mutations, increased heterozygosity, and heterosis (hybrid vigor).

Detailed explanation-2: -The fusion of two or more genomes within one nucleus results in polyploidy, resulting in each cell containing more than two pairs of homologous chromosomes. Polyploidy occurs in the majority of angiosperms and is important in agricultural crops that humans depend on for survival.

Detailed explanation-3: -Polyploidy is often accompanied with formation of improved varieties, developing sterile lines, restoring fertility in hybrids, enlargement and enhanced vigor, increasing allelic diversity and heterozygosity, etc.

Detailed explanation-4: -It plays an important role in evolution of plant species and is responsible for speciation. The polyploid plants are favored economically due to their increased growth and production of larger fruits etc. as well as are disease resistant.

Detailed explanation-5: -Abstract. Polyploidy, the possession of more than 2 complete genomes, is a major force in plant evolution known to affect the genetic and genomic constitution and the phenotype of an organism, which will have consequences for its ecology and geography as well as for lineage diversification and speciation.