AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The linkage distance is calculated by dividing the total number of recombinant gametes into the total number of gametes.

Detailed explanation-2: -It follows that: • the probability of a crossover between two genes is proportional to the distance between the two genes. That is, the greater the distance between the two genes, the greater the probability that a crossover will occur between them during meiosis.

Detailed explanation-3: -Crossover frequency can be determined by dividing the number of progeny resulting from crossover gametes by the total number of progeny. The crossover progeny are produced when linked genes are inherited separately rather than as a unit.

Detailed explanation-4: -The linkage is indirectly proportional to the distance between genes, the less the distance between the genes, the less is the cross over frequency between them and the more is the linkage frequency between them.