AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Independent assortment produces new combinations of alleles. In meiosis I, crossing over during prophase and independent assortment during anaphase creates sets of chromosomes with new combinations of alleles. Genetic variation is also introduced by random fertilization of the gametes produced by meiosis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Recombination is a process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new combinations of alleles. This recombination process creates genetic diversity at the level of genes that reflects differences in the DNA sequences of different organisms.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Principle of Independent Assortment describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop. Independent assortment of genes and their corresponding traits was first observed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 during his studies of genetics in pea plants.

Detailed explanation-4: -Crossing over occurs in prophase I, and is where parts of chromatids swap over between homologous chromosomes. Independent assortment occurs in metaphase I and anaphase I, and is where the homologous chromosomes are randomly shuffled into the two daughter cells.