AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -One allele produces orange fur, and the other produces black fur. A cat must receive both of these alleles, one from each parent, in order to have fur with orange and black patches. Then, during lyonization, if the X chromosome carrying a black fur allele is inactivated, the cell will produce orange fur.

Detailed explanation-2: -In this case, the black cat carries alleles for both, black and white coat, because it is heterozygous. Its genotype can be entered as Bb.

Detailed explanation-3: -To identify whether an organism exhibiting a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous for a specific allele, a scientist can perform a test cross. The organism in question is crossed with an organism that is homozygous for the recessive trait, and the offspring of the test cross are examined.