AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Freckles are dominant (F) and no freckles is recessive (f). Two parents both have freckles.

Detailed explanation-2: -One dominant allele (F) is sufficient for its trait (has freckles) to be observable, but both alleles have to be recessive (f) for the recessive trait (no freckles) to be observable. In one of the genes that determines hair color, red hair is recessive to brown hair.

Detailed explanation-3: -A person that is heterozygous for freckles would have a phenotype that shows freckles on their skin and possess the genotype Ff. This person could provide either the dominant allele, F, or the recessive allele, f, to their offspring through the sex cells, also called zygotes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Freckles are associated with a variant of a gene called MC1R. MC1R alerts the body when exposed to harmful UV radiation is taking place. This is a dominant gene, meaning anyone with at least one copy of the freckle variant from either parent will have freckles.

Detailed explanation-5: -It is known that the trait of freckles is controlled by a dominant gene. This implies that an individual having freckles can either have this dominant allele in heterozygous form or in homozygous form. The person without freckles will have a homozygous recessive genome for this allele.