AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The correct answer: In a Punnett square, the letters that line the outside of the box represent C) gametes. The Punnett square is responsible for determining the genotype of the offspring based on the gametes from the parental generation.

Detailed explanation-2: -A capital letter represents the dominant form of a gene (allele), and a lowercase letter is the abbreviation for the recessive form of the gene (allele).

Detailed explanation-3: -To construct a Punnett square, the genotypes of both parents must be known. One parent’s alleles are listed across the top of the table, and the other parent’s alleles are listed down the left hand side. The resulting offspring genotypes are produced at the intersection of the parent’s alleles.

Detailed explanation-4: -▪ Genotype: The letters that make up the individual. E.g. TT or Tt. ▪ Phenotype: The physical characteristics of the particular trait. E.g. Tall or short.

Detailed explanation-5: -A Punnett square shows the probability of an offspring with a given genotype resulting from a cross. It does not show actual offspring. For example, the Punnett square in Figure 3 shows that there is a 25% chance that a homozygous recessive offspring will result from the cross Aa x Aa.