AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mendel crossed pure lines of pea plants. Dominant traits, like purple flower colour, appeared in the first-generation hybrids (F1), whereas recessive traits, like white flower colour, were masked. However, recessive traits reappeared in second-generation (F2) pea plants in a ratio of 3:1 (dominant to recessive).

Detailed explanation-2: -Gregor Mendel describes his experiments with peas showing that heredity is transmitted in discrete units. From earliest time, people noticed the resemblance between parents and offspring, among animals and plants as well as in human families.

Detailed explanation-3: -Monohybrid Cross In this experiment, Mendel mated two pure breeding (self-pollinating) pea plants with opposing qualities (one short and one tall). He did this by manually transferring the pollen from one type of pea plant to the other type. The first generation cross was termed P plants (parental).

Detailed explanation-4: -Mendel carried out his key experiments using the garden pea, Pisum sativum, as a model system. Pea plants make a convenient system for studies of inheritance, and they are still studied by some geneticists today.