AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Recessive alleles are denoted by a lowercase letter (a versus A). Only individuals with an aa genotype will express a recessive trait; therefore, offspring must receive one recessive allele from each parent to exhibit a recessive trait.

Detailed explanation-2: -Dominant alleles are represented by capital letters and recessive alleles are represented by lowercase letters. For example, blue eyes are a recessive trait and brown eyes are a dominant trait.

Detailed explanation-3: -When representing these in written form, a dominant allele is written as a capital letter (e.g., A), while a recessive allele will be written in lower case (e.g., a). If these are alleles of the same gene, they should be written with the same letter.

Detailed explanation-4: -Dominant character is represented by a capital letter and recessive by small letter.

Detailed explanation-5: -An organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele is said to have a heterozygous genotype. In our example, this genotype is written Bb. Finally, the genotype of an organism with two recessive alleles is called homozygous recessive. In the eye color example, this genotype is written bb.