AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -By experimenting with pea plant breeding, Mendel developed three principles of inheritance that described the transmission of genetic traits, before anyone knew genes existed. Mendel’s insight greatly expanded the understanding of genetic inheritance, and led to the development of new experimental methods.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gregor Mendel describes his experiments with peas showing that heredity is transmitted in discrete units. From earliest time, people noticed the resemblance between parents and offspring, among animals and plants as well as in human families. Gregor Johann Mendel turned the study of heredity into a science.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mendel carried out his key experiments using the garden pea, Pisum sativum, as a model system. Pea plants make a convenient system for studies of inheritance, and they are still studied by some geneticists today.

Detailed explanation-4: -(i) Mendel first crossed pure-bred pea plants having round-yellow seeds with pure-bred pea plants having wrinkled-green seeds. Mendel observed that only round-yellow seeds were produced in the first generation. There were no wrinkle-green seeds obtained in the F1 generation.

Detailed explanation-5: -Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) is known as the father of genetics. He proposed the key laws of genetics from this work on inheritance of traits in peas in 1866.