AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mendel called the visible form the dominant trait and the hidden form the recessive trait. In the second generation, after plants were allowed to self-fertilize (pollinate themselves), the hidden form of the trait reappeared in a minority of the plants.

Detailed explanation-2: -The traits that Mendel studied are listed below: Form of ripe seed (R) – smooth or wrinkled. Color of seed albumen (Y) – yellow or green. Color of flower (P) – purple or white.

Detailed explanation-3: -Upon compiling his results for many thousands of plants, Mendel concluded that the characteristics could be divided into expressed and latent traits. He called these dominant and recessive traits, respectively. Dominant traits are those that are inherited unchanged in a hybridization.

Detailed explanation-4: -In the case of Mendel’s peas, there are two different versions, or alleles, for seed color: yellow (Y) and green (y). Every plant will have two copies of each gene. We call this combination of alleles the plant’s genotype. The seed color we can observe is called the phenotype.

Detailed explanation-5: -Mendel began his experiments by first crossing two homozygous parental organisms that differed with respect to two traits. An organism that is homozygous for a specific trait carries two identical alleles at a particular genetic locus. Organisms in this initial cross are called the parental, or P generation.