AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The C allele is dominant to all others, cch is dominant to ch and c, ch is dominant to c, and c is recessive to all the other alleles. This dominance hierarchy can be summarized as C > cch > ch > c.

Detailed explanation-2: -dominant allele + dominant allele = dominant phenotype. dominant allele + recessive allele = dominant phenotype. recessive allele + recessive allele = recessive phenotype.

Detailed explanation-3: -One allele can be dominant to a second allele, recessive to a third allele, and codominant to a fourth. If a genetic trait is recessive, a person needs to inherit two copies of the gene for the trait to be expressed. Thus, both parents have to be carriers of a recessive trait in order for a child to express that trait.

Detailed explanation-4: -Examples of codominance in animals include speckled chickens, which have alleles for both black and white feathers, and roan cattle, which express alleles for both red hair and white hair. Codominance is also seen in plants.