AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A gene variant is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. This type of genetic change used to be known as a gene mutation, but because changes in DNA do not always cause disease, it is thought that gene variant is a more accurate term.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mutation is a process that causes a permanent change in a DNA sequence. Changes to a gene’s DNA sequence, called mutations, can change the amino acid sequence of the protein it codes for-but they don’t always. A point mutation is a change to single DNA letter.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gene variants (also known as mutations) can have varying effects on health, depending on where they occur and whether they alter the function of essential proteins. Variant types include the following: Substitution. This type of variant replaces one DNA building block (nucleotide) with another.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mutations can be of many types, such as substitution, deletion, insertion, and translocation.

Detailed explanation-5: -These changes can be caused by environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation from the sun, or can occur if a mistake is made as DNA copies itself during cell division. Acquired mutations in somatic cells (cells other than sperm and egg cells) cannot be passed on to the next generation.