AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -While mutations always change the DNA sequence, they do not always cause a change in the resulting protein or an obvious effect on the organism. This can occur because most amino acids can be coded by two or more different codons.

Detailed explanation-2: -Changes to a gene’s DNA sequence, called mutations, can change the amino acid sequence of the protein it codes for-but they don’t always. A point mutation is a change to single DNA letter. They fall into three categories: Missense mutations cause a single amino acid change in the protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -Silent mutations occur when the change of a single DNA nucleotide within a protein-coding portion of a gene does not affect the sequence of amino acids that make up the gene’s protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -A silent mutation is a mutation that occurs within the DNA sequence, but does not alter the amino acid sequence. Silent mutations can occur in introns, which are spliced out before translation.

Detailed explanation-5: -Nonsense Mutation A nonsense mutation occurs in DNA when a sequence change gives rise to a stop codon rather than a codon specifying an amino acid. The presence of the new stop codon results in the production of a shortened protein that is likely non-functional.