AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A frameshift mutation in a gene refers to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three. This is important because a cell reads a gene’s code in groups of three bases when making a protein.

Detailed explanation-2: -An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three, which consequently disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence.

Detailed explanation-3: -Insertions, deletions, and duplications can all be frameshift variants. Some regions of DNA contain short sequences of nucleotides that are repeated a number of times in a row.

Detailed explanation-4: -A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read. A DNA sequence is a chain of many smaller molecules called nucleotides.

Detailed explanation-5: -Thus, if a mutation, for example, an insertion or a deletion of the nucleotide, occurs, this could result in the alteration of the reading frame. It completely changes the amino acid sequence. Such mutations are known as frameshift mutation (also called reading frame mutation, reading frame shift, or framing error).