AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A frameshift variant occurs when there is an addition or loss of nucleotides that shifts the grouping and changes the code for all downstream amino acids. The resulting protein is usually nonfunctional. Insertions, deletions, and duplications can all be frameshift variants.

Detailed explanation-2: -A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read. A DNA sequence is a chain of many smaller molecules called nucleotides.

Detailed explanation-3: -An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three, which consequently disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence.

Detailed explanation-4: -Deletion frameshift mutation, wherein one or more nucleotides are deleted in a nucleic acid, resulting in the alteration of the reading frame, i.e., reading frameshift, of the nucleic acid. Deletion is a more common mechanism for inducing the frameshift mutation that results in an altered reading frame.

Detailed explanation-5: -C is correct. Insertion or deletion of three (or multiples of 3) nucleotides does not result in a frameshift mutation. It only results in the presence (or absence) of some amino acids in the polypeptide.