AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Genetic Code Each gene’s code uses the four nucleotide bases of DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T)-in various ways to spell out three-letter “codons” that specify which amino acid is needed at each position within a protein.

Detailed explanation-2: -The DNA in a gene spells out specific instructions-much like in a cookbook recipe-for making proteins (say: PRO-teens) in the cell. Proteins are the building blocks for everything in your body. Bones and teeth, hair and earlobes, muscles and blood, are all made up of proteins.

Detailed explanation-3: -All cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA molecules. Genes are regions in the DNA that contain the instructions that code for the formation of proteins, which carry out most of the work of cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce regulatory molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.)