HEREDITY
MUTATIONS
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Polyploidy gives an organism extra chromosomes.
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Polyploidy makes flowers and fruits smaller.
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Polyploidy can make flowers and fruits bigger.
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Detailed explanation-1: -These genes were expressed at high levels during the day, several-fold increases over their parents. The hybrids and polyploids exhibited increased photosynthesis, higher amounts of chlorophyll and greater starch accumulation than their parents, all of which led to their growing larger.
Detailed explanation-2: -Some of the most important consequences of polyploidy for plant breeding are the increment in plant organs ("gigas” effect), buffering of deleterious mutations, increased heterozygosity, and heterosis (hybrid vigor).
Detailed explanation-3: -There are three obvious advantages of becoming polyploid: heterosis, gene redundancy (a result of gene duplication) and asexual reproduction. Heterosis causes polyploids to be more vigorous than their diploid progenitors, whereas gene redundancy shields polyploids from the deleterious effect of mutations.
Detailed explanation-4: -As a major force for plant evolution (Chen, 2010), polyploidy promotes better adaptation traits in crops, since polyploid plants are thought to have been selected during evolution because of their phenotypic and genomic plasticity (Leitch and Leitch, 2008).