AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mutations can be of many types, such as substitution, deletion, insertion, and translocation.

Detailed explanation-2: -If a DNA sequence is mutated from TCCGGA to TCGGA, what type of mutation has occurred? Explanation: A deletion mutation occurs when a base pair is removed from the DNA sequence. In this case, a cytosine nucleotide has been deleted.

Detailed explanation-3: -Identification of causal mutations typically begins with genetic mapping, followed by candidate gene sequencing and complementation studies using transformation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Other common mutation examples in humans are Angelman syndrome, Canavan disease, color blindness, cri-du-chat syndrome, cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, haemochromatosis, haemophilia, Klinefelter syndrome, phenylketonuria, Prader–Willi syndrome, Tay–Sachs disease, and Turner syndrome.