AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Some mutations do not result in changes in the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein and can be described as silent mutations. Other mutations result in abnormal protein products. Mutations can introduce new alleles into a population of organisms and increase the population’s genetic variation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Sometimes, gene variants (also known as mutations) prevent one or more proteins from working properly. By changing a gene’s instructions for making a protein, a variant can cause a protein to malfunction or to not be produced at all.

Detailed explanation-3: -Harmful mutations may cause genetic disorders or cancer. A genetic disorder is a disease caused by a mutation in one or a few genes. A human example is cystic fibrosis. A mutation in a single gene causes the body to produce thick, sticky mucus that clogs the lungs and blocks ducts in digestive organs.

Detailed explanation-4: -A gene mutation is the change in the base sequence of DNA that results in the formation of a new allele. It has no effect because the genetic code is degenerate, does change the amino acid but no effect on the tertiary structure, the new allele is recessive so it doesn’t influence the phenotype.