AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Germline mutations occur in a parent’s reproductive cells (egg or sperm). These mutations change the genetic material that the child receives from their parent (hereditary). You can inherit germline mutations from either parent.

Detailed explanation-2: -Germ-line mutations occur in reproductive cells (sperm or eggs) and are passed to an organism’s offspring during sexual reproduction. Somatic mutations occur in non-reproductive cells; they are passed to daughter cells during mitosis but not to offspring during sexual reproduction.

Detailed explanation-3: -The only mutations that matter to large-scale evolution are those that can be passed on to offspring. These occur in reproductive cells like eggs and sperm and are called germ line mutations.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mutations can occur in either cell type. If a gene is altered in a germ cell, the mutation is termed a germinal mutation. Because germ cells give rise to gametes, some gamete s will carry the mutation and it will be passed on to the next generation when the individual successfully mates.

Detailed explanation-5: -Abnormal chromosome numbers result from nondisjunction, or the failure of chromosomes to separate correctly during cell division. Examples of conditions that result from abnormal chromosome numbers are Down syndrome and Turner syndrome. Sex chromosome mutations occur on either the X or Y sex chromosomes.