AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Base substitution Base substitutions are the simplest type of gene-level mutation, and they involve the swapping of one nucleotide for another during DNA replication. For example, during replication, a thymine nucleotide might be inserted in place of a guanine nucleotide.

Detailed explanation-2: -Which type of mutation occurred in the original sequence to generate the mutated sequence? This is the substitution mutation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Insertion Mutation Examples For example, some diseases caused by insertional mutations include: Fragile X Syndrome. Huntington’s Disease. Myotonic dystrophy.

Detailed explanation-4: -Such a substitution could: change a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced. For example, sickle cell anemia is caused by a substitution in the beta-hemoglobin gene, which alters a single amino acid in the protein produced.