AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Elongation is the stage where the amino acid chain gets longer. In elongation, the mRNA is read one codon at a time, and the amino acid matching each codon is added to a growing protein chain. Elongation has three stages: 1) The anticodon of an incoming tRNA pairs with the mRNA codon exposed in the A site.

Detailed explanation-2: -Translation Translation takes place on ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm, where mRNA is read and translated into the string of amino acid chains that make up the synthesized protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the start of the mRNA sequence.

Detailed explanation-4: -The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA.

Detailed explanation-5: -Thus mRNA carries a “message” from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The message is encoded in the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA, which is complementary to the nucleotide sequence of the DNA that served as a template for synthesizing the mRNA. Making proteins from mRNA is called translation.