AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Involve changes to a triplet resulting in a different amino acid. The rearrangement of whole blocks of genes. Both an insertion and deletion of bases within a gene. The removal of a nucleotide creating a reading frameshift.

Detailed explanation-2: -Frameshift Mutation This is important because a cell reads a gene’s code in groups of three bases when making a protein. Each of these “triplet codons” corresponds to one of 20 different amino acids used to build a protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -Missense Mutation A missense mutation is a DNA change that results in different amino acids being encoded at a particular position in the resulting protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -Nonsense Mutation A nonsense mutation occurs in DNA when a sequence change gives rise to a stop codon rather than a codon specifying an amino acid. The presence of the new stop codon results in the production of a shortened protein that is likely non-functional.

Detailed explanation-5: -A point mutation is where you change one base in the DNA to another. A missense mutation occurs when that point mutation causes a different amino acid to be placed from that codon.