AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -If a parent carries a gene mutation in their egg or sperm, it can pass to their child. These hereditary (or inherited) mutations are in almost every cell of the person’s body throughout their life.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gene variants, including mutations, can be either inherited or acquired. An inherited gene mutation, as the name implies, is inherited from a parent, so it’s present in the very first cell (once the egg cell is fertilized by a sperm cell) that eventually becomes a person.

Detailed explanation-3: -A mutation is a change in the sequence (or amount) of DNA. Mutations can affect a single of few nucleotides in a gene, or involve extended regions at the chromosome level. Mutations can also result from changes in the number of particular chromosomes or the complete set of them.

Detailed explanation-4: -Every time human DNA is passed from one generation to the next it accumulates 100–200 new mutations, according to a DNA-sequencing analysis of the Y chromosome.