AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -An insertion changes the DNA sequence by adding one or more nucleotides to the gene. As a result, the protein made from the gene may not function properly. A deletion changes the DNA sequence by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene.

Detailed explanation-2: -Point Mutation A point mutation occurs in a genome when a single base pair is added, deleted or changed. While most point mutations are benign, they can also have various functional consequences, including changes in gene expression or alterations in encoded proteins.

Detailed explanation-3: -Definition. A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mutations are random changes in the sequence of base pairs in DNA, and mutagens are factors that cause mutations, e.g., chemicals or radiation (UV light, x-rays, gamma radiation). Mutagens result four patterns of alteration in the base sequence: Replacement (substitution) of a single base pair.

Detailed explanation-5: -Answer and Explanation: A point mutation can make a difference in the function of a protein because it can change the amino acids in the protein, which change its structure.