AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce regulatory molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation.

Detailed explanation-2: -The genetic code is the cell’s ‘instruction manual’ for producing a protein from an mRNA sequence. Three-base-long sections of mRNA (codons) are ‘read’ in sequence at the ribosome. Each codon corresponds to a particular amino acid, which is added to the growing protein chain.

Detailed explanation-3: -The gene contains the code that determines the structure of a protein. Each gene is located at a specific place on a chromosome. The order of the nitrogen bases defines the genetic code that specifies what type of protein will be produced. It is the formula to make a protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -Within the ribosome, the rRNA molecules direct the catalytic steps of protein synthesis-the stitching together of amino acids to make a protein molecule. In fact, rRNA is sometimes called a ribozyme or catalytic RNA to reflect this function.

Detailed explanation-5: -Your genes contain instructions that tell your cells to make molecules called proteins. Proteins perform various functions in your body to keep you healthy. Each gene carries instructions that determine your features, such as eye colour, hair colour and height. There are different versions of genes for each feature.