AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Detrimental mutations known as lethals disrupt DNA critical to survival and cause the death of the organism. Other mutations are helpful to the organisms that carry them. For example, DDT resistance in insects is sometimes caused by a single mutation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mutational effects can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, depending on their context or location. Most non-neutral mutations are deleterious. In general, the more base pairs that are affected by a mutation, the larger the effect of the mutation, and the larger the mutation’s probability of being deleterious.

Detailed explanation-3: -Harmful Mutations: Mutations that lead to changes in genes that further produces unusual protein or alter the function of that protein adversely are called harmful mutations. These mutations are not useful and do not lead to evolution. The organisms with harmful mutations do not survive long.

Detailed explanation-4: -Rather, beneficial mutations simply increase in proportion from one generation to the next because, by definition, they happen to contribute to the survival and reproductive success of the organisms carrying them.