AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Karyotype. The karyotype is one of each species’ characteristics. To make a karyotype, scientists take a picture of the chromosomes from one cell, cut them out, and arrange them using size, banding pattern, and centromere positions as guides.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer and Explanation: The correct answer is a. The chromosomes in a karyotype arranged in pairs (homologous) from largest to smallest (according to size).

Detailed explanation-3: -A karyotype is a visual representation of the number and structure of all the chromosomes and provides a low-resolution genome-wide screen for chromosomal variants.

Detailed explanation-4: -A karyotype is an organized profile of a person’s chromosomes. Two chromosomes specify sex, XX for female and XY for male. The rest are arranged in pairs, numbered 1 through 22, from largest to smallest. This arrangement helps scientists quickly identify chromosomal alterations that may result in a genetic disorder.

Detailed explanation-5: -The two chromosomes in a homologous pair are very similar to one another and have the same size and shape. Most importantly, they carry the same type of genetic information: that is, they have the same genes in the same locations.