AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -There are three types of DNA Mutations: base substitutions, deletions and insertions. Single base substitutions are called point mutations, recall the point mutation Glu—–> Val which causes sickle-cell disease. Point mutations are the most common type of mutation and there are two types.

Detailed explanation-2: -A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read. A DNA sequence is a chain of many smaller molecules called nucleotides.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mutations can be of many types, such as substitution, deletion, insertion, and translocation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Instead, a deletion mutation will usually occur in the middle of a chromosome or gene. This will cause the deleted nucleotide to be filled by shifting the DNA and causing a frameshift mutation, or inserting a new nucleotide in a mutation known as an insertion.