AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Duplications. Duplications occur when part of a chromosome is abnormally copied (duplicated). This type of chromosomal change results in extra copies of genetic material from the duplicated segment.

Detailed explanation-2: -The four main types of structural chromosomal aberrations are deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation.

Detailed explanation-3: -A trisomy is a chromosomal condition characterised by an additional chromosome. A person with a trisomy has 47 chromosomes instead of 46. Down syndrome, Edward syndrome and Patau syndrome are the most common forms of trisomy.

Detailed explanation-4: -Many important clinical conditions like Down syndrome and chronic myelogenous leukemia result from translocation mutations.

Detailed explanation-5: -A medical term for having an extra copy of a chromosome is ‘trisomy.’ Down syndrome is also referred to as Trisomy 21. This extra copy changes how the baby’s body and brain develop, which can cause both mental and physical challenges for the baby.