AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Substitution. A substitution mutation occurs when one base pair is substituted for another. For example, this would occur when one nucleotide containing cytosine is accidentally substituted for one containing guanine.

Detailed explanation-2: -Base substitution Base substitutions are the simplest type of gene-level mutation, and they involve the swapping of one nucleotide for another during DNA replication.

Detailed explanation-3: -A point mutation is going to change one nucleotide in the DNA code, this may or may not result in a changed amino acid. A missense mutation is always going to be a substitution of one amino acid for another.

Detailed explanation-4: -A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single “chemical letter” such as switching an A to a G). Such a substitution could: change a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced.

Detailed explanation-5: -Substitution mutations can be good, bad, or have no effect. They cause three specific types of point mutation: silent, missense, and nonsense mutations. A silent mutation is one where the function of the protein is not changed. A missense mutation codes for the wrong protein.