AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hereditary mutations include cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and sickle cell disease. Other mutations can happen on their own during a person’s life. These are called sporadic, spontaneous, or new mutations. They affect only some cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Such a substitution could: change a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced. For example, sickle cell anemia is caused by a substitution in the beta-hemoglobin gene, which alters a single amino acid in the protein produced.

Detailed explanation-3: -Insertion Mutation Examples For example, some diseases caused by insertional mutations include: Fragile X Syndrome. Huntington’s Disease. Myotonic dystrophy.

Detailed explanation-4: -A classic example of a mutation in evolution in humans is the mutation in the gene HbS which makes RBC. One copy of this gene provides resistance to malaria but two copies of this gene cause sickle cell anemia.