HEREDITY
MUTATIONS
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Point Mutations
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Substitution mutations
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mutations where A’s are replaced with T’s
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Frameshift Mutaitons
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Detailed explanation-1: -Because an insertion or deletion results in a frame-shift that changes the reading of subsequent codons and, therefore, alters the entire amino acid sequence that follows the mutation, insertions and deletions are usually more harmful than a substitution in which only a single amino acid is altered.
Detailed explanation-2: -Frameshift mutations are generally much more serious and often more deadly than point mutations. Even though only a single nitrogen base is affected, as with point mutations, in this instance, the single base is either completely deleted or an extra one is inserted into the middle of the DNA sequence.
Detailed explanation-3: -Frameshift mutations are usually some of the most harmful kinds of genetic mutations. In contrast to substitution or point mutations, which only affect one amino acid in the protein chain, frameshift mutations affect all the amino acids downstream of their location.
Detailed explanation-4: -Frameshift mutations are among the most deleterious changes to the coding sequence of a protein. They are extremely likely to lead to large-scale changes to polypeptide length and chemical composition, resulting in a non-functional protein that often disrupts the biochemical processes of a cell.
Detailed explanation-5: -Abstract. Frameshift mutation yields truncated, dysfunctional product proteins, leading to loss-of-function, genetic disorders or even death. Frameshift mutations have been considered as mostly harmful and of little importance for the molecular evolution of proteins.