AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46.

Detailed explanation-2: -Since we have two copies of each chromosome, we also have two copies of every gene. Most mammals are diploid, like humans, but some organisms are polyploid, meaning they have more than two sets of each chromosome.

Detailed explanation-3: -Nearly all the cells in the human body carry two homologous, or similar, copies of each chromosome. The only exception is cells in the germ line, which go on to produce gametes, or egg and sperm cells. Germ line cells are haploid, which means they contain a single set of chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Definition. A cell containing two copies of each chromosome is referred to as a ‘diploid cell’; human somatic cells are diploid: they contain 46 chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-5: -Every person has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Most genes are the same in all people, but a small number of genes (less than 1 percent of the total) are slightly different between people.