HEREDITY
NONDISJUNCTION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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only when the mutation is present during or occurs during mitosis
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only when the mutation is present during or occurs during meiosis
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when the mutation occurs during mitosis or meiosis
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when the mutation occurs in somatic cells
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Detailed explanation-1: -If a mutation occurs in a germ-line cell (one that will give rise to gametes, i.e., egg or sperm cells), then this mutation can be passed to an organism’s offspring. This means that every cell in the developing embryo will carry the mutation.
Detailed explanation-2: -The sperm and egg pass from parents to their children, so the mutation is inherited. You can’t inherit somatic mutations because they occur randomly in cells that aren’t the sperm or egg.
Detailed explanation-3: -If an acquired mutation occurs in an egg or sperm cell, it can be passed down to the individual’s offspring. Once an acquired mutation is passed down, it is a hereditary mutation. Acquired mutations are not passed down if they occur in the somatic cells, meaning body cells other than sperm cells and egg cells.
Detailed explanation-4: -Germline mutations (that occur in eggs and sperm) can be passed on to offspring, while somatic mutations (that occur in body cells) are not passed on.
Detailed explanation-5: -Importantly, new mutations also occur during meiosis, at frequencies much higher than during the mitotic cell cycles. These meiotic mutations are associated with genetic recombination and depend on double-strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate crossing over.