AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -How are pedigrees used by genetic counselors? Genetic counselors use pedigrees like the one above to figure out how certain conditions are being passed down through a family and which family members, who may seem healthy now, could be at risk of already having that condition or developing it later.

Detailed explanation-2: -A karyotype test checks the chromosomes in your cells to: See whether you have a full set of 46 chromosomes. Having too many or too few chromosomes can cause serious problems with health, growth, and normal development, such as Down syndrome (extra chromosome 21) and Turner syndrome (missing X chromosome).

Detailed explanation-3: -Genetic counselors help identify families at possible risk of a genetic condition by gathering and analyzing family history and inheritance patterns and calculating chances of recurrence. They provide information about genetic testing and related procedures.

Detailed explanation-4: -Genetic karyotyping-also known as chromosome analysis-is testing that can reveal certain genetic abnormalities. It can be used to confirm or diagnose a genetic disorder or disease. Or, the testing may reveal that a couple is at risk for having a child with a genetic or chromosomal disorder.