AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Genes on the X chromosome are said to be X-linked. X-linked genes have distinctive inheritance patterns because they are present in different numbers in females (XX) and males (XY).

Detailed explanation-2: -While most disorders linked to the Y chromosome have to do with male development and fertility, a broader range of disorders are linked to the X chromosome. Genes on the X chromosome can be recessive or dominant, so X-linked recessive genes are expressed in females only if there is one on each of her X chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-3: -X-linked, as related to genetics, refers to characteristics or traits that are influenced by genes on the X chromosome.

Detailed explanation-4: -Sex-linked traits are characteristics that are determined by genes located on the sex chromosomes. Inheritance patterns for these traits can differ for males and females, since the X and Y chromosomes differ. One example of a sex-linked trait is color blindness, which is primarily seen in males.

Detailed explanation-5: -A characteristic of X-linked inheritance is that fathers cannot pass X-linked traits to their sons (no male-to-male transmission). A condition is considered Y-linked if the altered gene that causes the disorder is located on the Y chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each of a male’s cells.