AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A pedigree shows relationships between family members and indicates which individuals have certain genetic pathogenic variants, traits, and diseases within a family as well as vital status. A pedigree can be used to determine disease inheritance patterns within a family.

Detailed explanation-2: -By analyzing a pedigree, we can determine genotypes, identify phenotypes, and predict how a trait will be passed on in the future. The information from a pedigree makes it possible to determine how certain alleles are inherited: whether they are dominant, recessive, autosomal, or sex-linked.

Detailed explanation-3: -Pedigree analysis is done to determine if the mode of inheritance is recessive, dominant, partial dominant, autosomal, mitochondrial or sex-linked. Moreover, it also determines the probability of an individual or offspring being affected in the given cross.

Detailed explanation-4: -A pedigree, as related to genetics, is a chart that diagrams the inheritance of a trait or health condition through generations of a family. The pedigree particularly shows the relationships among family members and, when the information is available, indicates which individuals have a trait(s) of interest.

Detailed explanation-5: -Pedigrees use a standard set of symbols to make them easier to understand. Males are represented by squares, while females are represented by circles. Parents are connected by horizontal lines, and vertical lines stemming from horizontal lines lead to the symbols for their offspring.