AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A human sperm contains either an X or a Y chromosome, thereby determining the sex of the offspring after fertilization. XX = female. XY = male. Dr.

Detailed explanation-2: -Normal human spermatozoa carry either the X or the Y chromosome. The differences between X and Y spermatozoa (X and Y haploid cells) may exist in two areas: the different chromosomes (i.e. different kinds and numbers of genes) and the different sperm structures and functions (i.e. different genetic expression).

Detailed explanation-3: -Most cells from male mammals contain both an X and a Y chromosome, but during sperm development (spermatogenesis), the X and Y chromosomes are segregated into different cells so that an individual sperm will carry either one or the other, with an X chromosome giving rise to daughters and a Y chromosome to sons.

Detailed explanation-4: -The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, differ between males and females. Females have two copies of the X chromosome, while males have one X and one Y chromosome. The 22 autosomes are numbered by size. The other two chromosomes, X and Y, are the sex chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-5: -It is clear that reproductive tissues are an obvious example of the effects of sex chromosomes on an individual. However, it should be realized that each of the roughly 70 trillion cells that make up a human body also have an XX or XY chromosome pair, and those chromosomes exert a physiological consequence.