AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -If only the father or the mother has the mutated X-linked gene, the daughters are usually not affected and are called carriers because one of their X chromosomes has the mutation but the other one is normal. Sons will be affected if they inherit the mutated X-linked gene from their mother.

Detailed explanation-2: -The baby will have two X chromosomes, so it will be female. If the father’s sperm carries the Y chromosome, the child will be male. Notice that a mother can only pass on an X chromosome, so the sex of the baby is determined by the father.

Detailed explanation-3: -This is so because males have only one X chromosome. So, the X chromosome shows its effect. The term “X-linked” is used for sex-linked genes. These genes, however, aren’t passed to sons from father as a father is responsible for gametes carrying the Y chromosome, in case of sons, that is otherwise unaffected.

Detailed explanation-4: -Sex-linked diseases are inherited through one of the sex chromosomes, which are the X and Y chromosomes. Dominant inheritance occurs when an abnormal gene from one parent can cause a disease, even though a matching gene from the other parent is normal.

Detailed explanation-5: -One of the ways a genetic trait or condition caused by a mutated (changed) gene on the X chromosome can be passed down (inherited) from parent to child. In X-linked recessive inheritance, a daughter inherits a single mutated gene on the X chromosome from one of her parents.