AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The pedigree chart uses standard symbols for representing data. In the pedigree chart, a male and a female are represented with a square and a circle respectively. An affected female is represented by a completely shaded circle.

Detailed explanation-2: -In a pedigree, a circle represents a female, and a square represents a male. A filled-in circle or square shows that the individual has the trait being studied. The horizontal line that connects a circle and a square represents a marriage.

Detailed explanation-3: -A circle represents a female. A square represents a male. A horizontal line connecting a male and female represents a marriage. A vertical line and a bracket connect the parents to their children.

Detailed explanation-4: -Female. A pedigree symbol circle represents an individual whose gender is female. Individuals are the main component of a pedigree chart. Male. A pedigree symbol square represents an individual whose gender is male.

Detailed explanation-5: -Kinship charts use a triangle △ for male and circle ○ for female. Pedigree charts published in scientific papers use an earlier anthropological convention of a square □ for male and a circle ○ for female.