AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Achondroplasia results from a point mutation in the gene coding for the transmembrane portion of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), which resides on the short arm of chromosome 4.

Detailed explanation-2: -Achondroplasia appears to affect males and females in equal numbers. This disorder begins in the developing fetus and is one of the most common forms of skeletal dysplasia that causes dwarfism. The estimated frequency of achondroplasia has ranged from about one in 15, 000 to one in 35, 000 births.

Detailed explanation-3: -Achondroplasia is a genetic condition affecting a protein in the body called the fibroblast growth factor receptor. In achondroplasia, this protein begins to function abnormally, slowing down the growth of bone in the cartilage of the growth plate.

Detailed explanation-4: -The most common form of dwarfism is due to a DNA difference in the FGFR3 gene on chromosome 4.

Detailed explanation-5: -Achondroplasia results in impaired endochondral bone growth (bone growth within cartilage). The disorder has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, meaning only one mutated copy of the gene is required for the condition to occur.