AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The 23rd chromosome (pair) is made up of two parts – either two X chromosomes if you are female or an X and a Y chromosome if you are male. The ‘gene’ which causes (inherited, red and green types of) colour blindness is found only on the X chromosome.

Detailed explanation-2: -The genes that can give you red-green color blindness are passed down on the X chromosome. Since it’s passed down on the X chromosome, red-green color blindness is more common in men. This is because: Males have only 1 X chromosome, from their mother.

Detailed explanation-3: -Loss of the Y chromosome is associated with increased risk of cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and cardiovascular disease (17). Mutations in the X-linked KDM5C affect heart development in females and males (29). The Y-linked gene, UTY, when functional, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines and endothelial cell death (28).

Detailed explanation-4: -Sex-linked diseases are passed down through families through one of the X or Y chromosomes. X and Y are sex chromosomes. Dominant inheritance occurs when an abnormal gene from one parent causes disease, even though the matching gene from the other parent is normal.

Detailed explanation-5: -Two of the chromosomes (the X and the Y chromosome) determine your sex as male or female when you are born. They are called sex chromosomes: Females have 2 X chromosomes. Males have 1 X and 1 Y chromosome.