AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Sex-linked dominant is a rare way that a trait or disorder can be passed down through families. One abnormal gene on the X chromosome can cause a sex-linked dominant disease.

Detailed explanation-2: -Males, who have only a single copy of the X chromosome, are more likely to be affected by a sex-linked disorder than females, who have two copies. In females, the presence of a second, non-mutated copy may cause different, milder, or no symptoms of a sex-linked disorder.

Detailed explanation-3: -Sex-linked traits are characteristics that are determined by genes located on the sex chromosomes. Inheritance patterns for these traits can differ for males and females, since the X and Y chromosomes differ. One example of a sex-linked trait is color blindness, which is primarily seen in males.

Detailed explanation-4: -Autosomal or Sex-linked: To determine whether a trait is autosomal or sex-linked you must look at the males from the F1 and the reciprocal F1 crosses. If a trait is sex-linked (on the X-chromosome), then the males from the F1 crosses will always have the phenotype of their homozyous mothers.

Detailed explanation-5: -X-linked dominant inheritance refers to genetic conditions associated with mutations in genes on the X chromosome. A single copy of the mutation is enough to cause the disease in both males (who have one X chromosome) and females (who have two X chromosomes).