AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In pedigree analysis, normal male and normal females are represented by “square” and “circle” respectively. The affected male and affected females are represented by “shaded square” and “shaded circle” respectively. Hence, correct answer is option B.

Detailed explanation-2: -A completely shaded circle or square indicates that a person expresses the trait. A circle or square that is not shaded indicates that a person neither expresses the trait nor is a carrier of the trait.

Detailed explanation-3: -A male is represented by a square or the symbol ♂, a female by a circle or the symbol ♀. Mating is shown by a horizontal line (marriage line) connecting a male symbol and a female symbol; offspring symbols are connected in a row (sibship line) beneath the mated pair.

Detailed explanation-4: -Symbols square and circle represent sex of the individuals in the pedigree chart. Circle represents females .

Detailed explanation-5: -Square shapes represent males; circles represent females. Filled-in shapes are individuals that have whatever trait is being shown in the pedigree. Two individuals connected together with a horizontal line between them are the parents of the individuals that are connected by vertical lines below them.